Marxismo e opressão racial por uma teoria unificada
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Resumo
O debate antirracista na esquerda marxista permanece polarizado entre políticas “reducio-nistas de classe” (qualquer tentativa de abordar as disparidades raciais reforça as relações de classe capitalistas) e políticas “identitárias liberais” (disparidades na representação racial podem ser resolvidas sem questionar a desigualdade de classe). Ambas as posições com-partilham uma perspectiva comum – a opressão racial e a exploração de classe são produtos de dinâmicas sociais distintas cuja relação é historicamente contingente. Este ensaio é um passo inicial em direção a uma teoria unificada do capitalismo e da opressão racial, na qual sua relação é estruturalmente necessária. Seguindo a elaboração da economia política de Marx empreendida por Anwar Shaikh e Howard Botwinick, argumentamos que a acumula-ção e a competição capitalistas reais necessariamente diferenciam os processos de traba-lho, as taxas de lucro e as taxas salariais dentro e entre os ramos da produção. A seguir, ten-tamos fundar a racialização – a divisão da humanidade em grupos distintos com caracterís-ticas imutáveis que tornam alguns grupos inerentemente superiores e outros inerente-mente inferiores – na experiência vivida das relações de propriedade social capitalista. Fi-nalmente, o ensaio examina exemplos históricos de como a raça fornece um “roteiro men-tal” da experiência vivida das relações sociais capitalistas tanto para capitalistas quanto para trabalhadores.
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